games

Recreational activities that involve competition between individuals or groups who follow rules during their attempts to surpas one another.

Gautama Buddha

See: Buddha

gavelkind

The division of an estate among sons or among all offspring.

gen

Bagian-bagian molekul DNA yang mengatur pertumbuhan ciri-ciri yang dapat diamati atau diidentifikasikan.

gen traffic

Masuknya gen dari kelompok gen yang satu ke dalam kelompok gen yang lain.

gender

Culturele vorm van sexe rollen.

gender roles

The tasks and activities that a culture assigns to each sex.

gender stereotypes

Oversimplified but strongly held ideas about the characteristics of males and females.

gender stratification

Unequal distribution of rewards (socially valued resources, power, prestige, and personal freedom) between men and women, reflecting their different positions in a social hierarchy.

genealogical method

Procedures by which ethnographers discover and record connections of kinship, descent, and marriage, using diagrams and symbols.

genealogy

A pedigree: a web of relationship traced through parents and children. In kinship theory, the position (advanced notably by Lounsbury and Scheffler) that kinship terms serve primarily to define genealogical relations between individuals.

general anthropology

The field of anthropology as a whole, consisting of cultural, archeological, biological, and linguistic anthropology.

general cultural evolution

The increasing complexity in the evolution of human cultures.

general evolution

Study of major changes, biological and cultural, in Homo; abstracted from a variety of times, places, and populations.

generality

Culture pattern or trait that exists in some but not all societies

generalized exchange (échange géneralisé)

A system of alliance (prescriptive marriage) whereby kin groups exchange wives indirectly, so that a man must marry his actual or classificatory mother's brother's daughter (matrilineal alliance) or father's sister's daughter (patrilineal alliance, said not to exist) but so that wife-givers cannot be wife-takers.

generalized reciprocity

Principle that characterizes exchanges between closely related individuals: As social distance increases, reciprocity becomes balanced and finally negative.

Cara tukar-menukar di mana yang memberi maupun yang menerima menentukan dengan pasti nilia barang yang terlibat dan waktu penyerahannya.

general-purpose money

Currency that functions as a means of exchange, a standard of value, and a means of payment.

generational kinship terminology

A system of kinship terminology in which all kin of the same sex in the parental generation are referred to by the same term.

Kinship terminology with only two terms for the parental generation, one designating M, MZ, and FZ and the other designating F, FB and BM.

generative approach

A method of linguistic analysis striving to account by means of formal rules for all potential utterances in a given language.

generative linguistics

(generative transformational linguistics:) The study of linguistics as an expression of internalized knowledge.

genetic drift

Naik-turunnya frekuensi gen secara kebetulan di dalam kelompok gen suatu populasi.

genetic relationship

In linguistics, a relationship among languages based on common origin.

genetrix

Biological mother of a child.

genitor

Biological father of a child.

genocide

1/ The deliberate elimination of a group through mass murder. 2/ Physical destruction of ethnic groups by murder, warfare, and introduced diseases.

Pemusnahan secara disengaja dari kelompok atau masyarakat etnis yang dianggap merintangi kemajuan ekononomi.

genotype

Komposisi gen yang nyata-nyata ada dari sebuah organisme.

gens

(L.H.Morgan) Alternatieve term voor een patrilineaire clan.

genus

Dalam sistem klasifikasi tumbuh-tumbuhan dan binatang, kelompok seperi jenis (species).

geriatrics

The field of medicine dealing with the aged.

gerontocracy

Bestuursvorm waarin de ouderen van een samenleving de macht hebben.

Maatschappij, waarin de leidende posities ingenomen worden door de oude mannen, en waarin het feit van de ouderdom op zichzelf aanzien verschaft.

Gestalt

Een geïntegreerd geheel dat als zodanig dient te worden bestudeerd, en dat zijn betekenis verliest als men het ontleedt in delen. Duits wijsgerig begrip dat ook in het Nederlands wordt gebruikt.

ghee

Clarified butter

ghetto

In medieval Europe, ethnic enclaves within towns. In modern urban setting, slum areas where subordinate ethnic groups are concentrated.

ghi

See: ghee

ghost dance

A nativistic movement among western North American Indians during the last decades of the nineteenth century having as its goal the return of the dead and the restoration of the old ways of life.

gift

A transfer of some scarce material or nonmaterial item

gleaning

Collecting of foods, especially gathering of wild foods.

globalization

The accelerating interdependence of nations in a world system linked economically ant through mass media and modern transportation systems.

glottochronology

A method of dating change among related languages by comparing their basic core vocabularies for similarities and divergencies.

Dalam linguistik, suatu metode untuk menentukan kampan terjadinya divergensi dari cabang-cabang sebuah keluarga bahasa.

godparenthood

A category of fictive kin with important obligations between the members. The social relations of godparent-godchild are especially important in many southern European cultures.

gracile

Berpotongan kecil dan ramping.

grammar

The formal organizing principles that link sound and meaning in a language; the set of abstract rules that makes up a language.

The classes, inflections, and relationships of words in a language.

The formal structure of knowledge of a language a native speaker draws on in speaking and understanding speech; a linguistic description that attempts to represent this implicit knowledge.

Seluruh struktu formal suatu bahasa, yang terdiri atas semua kesimpulan tentang morfem dan sintaksis.

great apes

The large apes (gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans), in contrast to the gibbon group (gibbon, siamang, etc.)

Great Tradition

The cultural pattern of a major civilization, as represented in its religion, literature, art, etc. - in contrast with the Little Traditions distinctive of local communities. Cf. Little Tradition

green revolution

Agricultural development based on chemical fertilizers, pesticides, twentieth-century cultivation techniques, and new crop varieties such as IR-8 ("miracle rice").

Gregorian calendar

A slight revision of the Julian calendar that was adopted in Great Britain and the American colonies in 1752. Most Roman Catholic countries adopted it immediately, with Protestant countries adopting it later, and Eastern Orthodox countries in the twentieth century.

grid system

Sistem untuk mencatat data dari penggalian arkeologis

group

Een aantal mensen dat in één of meer opzichten in een enigermate duurzaam verband is verenigd.

group marriage

A marital network including several spouses.

Perkawinan di mana beberapa pria dan beberapa wanita dapat berhubungan seks satu sama lain.

guest workers

A term originally coined in Germany for immigrant workers who have been invited and/or contracted by the host country or individual agents for a specified term.

gurdwara

Sikh house of worship

guru

Hindu spiritual teacher

Gypsy

A generic term for a diverse group of people who live or formerly live a nomadic life-style