paan
The leaf of the betel vine (Piper betle),
chewed after meas with slaked lime, catechu, and betel or areca nut, as a
savory.
pacification
The cessation of warfare by indigenous peoples
enforced by colonial nations or their agents.
paddy
The rice plant (Oryza sative), grown either
in irrigated fields (wet rice) or in rain-fed fields (dr rice). Rice is the
staple food of Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Kashmir, an d Dravidian India.
pair
bond
Close and continuing psychoattachment between sexual mates; a bonding
system particularly developed in hominids.
paleanthropology
The study of hominid evolution as revealed by the fossil record.
Ahli antropologi yang mempelarjari evolusi manusia
dari peninggalan-peninggalan yang berupa fosil.
paleoecology
The study, often by archeologists, of ecosystems of the past.
paleoindian
Penduduk Amerika utara sekitar 12.000 tahun yang lalu,
yang berburu binatang besar seperti mamut, dengan menggunakan tombak yang
diberi ujung ala t batu cekung (fluted point) yang khas.
Paleolithic
The Old Stone Age
"Old Stone Age": the vast period marked by chipped and flaked
stone tool industries.
Tua: Bagian pertama dari Jaman Paleolitikum;
pemulaannya ditandai dengan munculnya alat-alat Odowan. Madya: Bagian dari
Jaman Paleolitikum yang ditandai oleh munculnya manusia Neanderthal dan
berkembangnya tradisi Mousterian dalam pembuatan alat-alat. Muda: Bagian dari
Paleolitikum yang ditandai oleh lahirnya hominida yang betul-betul modern dan
pengembangan teknik untuk memuat alat-alat berbentuk bilah.
palinology
Dalam arkeologi dan paleoantropologi, metode penentuan
umur secara relatif atas dasar studi tentang fosil tepung sari.
pan
See: paan
panchayat
Literally, a "council of five,"
but in fact a village or caste council of any size.
pandanus
A general term for numerous species of the
Pandanus palm that grow wild or are cultivated throughout the Pacific. The oily
kernels or nuts of some species are eaten, and the long leaves are commonly
used for thatching and for wrapping material.
pantheon
A collection of supernatural beings in a particular religion.
Bermacam-macam dewa dan dewi sesuatu bangsa.
pantribal
sodality
A non-kin-based group that exists throughout a tribe, spanning several
villages.
Papuan
languages
Also called Non-Austronesian languages,
these number over 700 and are found mostly in New Guinea, the Bismarck
Archipelago, and Bougainville.
paradigm
Een systeem van vooronderstellingen die een
wetenschappelijk gebied op een bepaald moment beheersen, dat grenzen stelt aan
de wetenschappelijke arbeid binnen dat gebied.
paralinguistic
feature
Any one of several optional vocal effects, such as a
whisper, that communicate additional meaning.
Suara-suara yang bukan suara bahasa, yang menyertai
bahasa, misalnya suara tangis atau ketawa.
(cousin, parallel:) Children of one's parent's
siblings of the same sex-one's father's sisters' and mother's brothers'
children.
(E.B.Tylor) Kind van Moeders Zuster (MoZu) en van Vaders
Broer (VaBr); kinderen van siblings van gelijke sexe.
Children of two brothers or two sisters.
The children of siblings of the
same sex: father's brothers' children, and mother's sisters' children.
Child of ego's father's brother or mother's sister.
Ego's father's brother's child or mother's sister's child, or more distant
cousin classed terminologically with these first cousins.
parallel
evolution
Dalam evolusi kultural, bekerkembangnya adaptasi yang
semacam dalam kondisi lingkungan yang semacam oleh bangsa-bangsa dengan latar
belakang kebudayaan yang semacam.
pariah
In India, an outcaste, an untouchable; more generally, a member of a
social group or category excluded from normal participation and rights in a
society.
parliamentary
democracy
A form of democratic government in which
the elected legislature has control over the making and administration of the law.
partible
inheritance
An estate of inheritance that may be
divided.
participant
observation
A characteristic ethnographic technique; taking part in the events one
is observing, describing, and analysing.
(observer:) An investigator who attempts to examine a culture by doing
what the people do and listening to what they say.
particularism
(historical particularism:) The collection of ethnographic specifics
without a clear theoretical orientation.
Een manier van denken die overheerst in collectivistische
samenlevingen, waarbij de normen voor de manier waarop iemand moet worden
behandeld, afhankelijk zijn van de groep waartoe die iemand behoort.
particularity
Distinctive or unique culture trait, pattern, or integration.
passage
ceremony
See: rites of passage
pastoralism
A type of subsistence economy based on the
herding of domesticated grazing animals such as sheep or cattle.
An ecological adaptation based on raising and caring for domestic or
semidomestic animals.
A mode of life where herding (of cattle, sheep, camels, goats, horses,
etc.) provides the major subsistence.
Tipe pola kehidupan di mana produksi pangan sebagian
besar didasarkan pada pemeliharaan kawanan binatang.
pastoralists
People who use a food-producing strategy of adaptation based on care of
herds of domesticated animals.
Orang yang mengikuti tipe pola ketahanan hidup, di
mana produksi pangan sebagian besar didasarkan atas pemeliharaan kawanan
binatang.
pater
Socially regognized father of a child; not necessarily the genitor.]
Based on relationship through the father's side.
patrilateral
parallel-cousin marriage
Marriage of the children of brothers.
A consanguineal kin group whose descent is traced through males from a
known common ancestor.
A lineage in which descent is traced through the father.
See: lineage
The practice of tracing kinship affiliation
only through the male line.
Afstamming waarbij een individu lid wordt van de
afstammingsgroep van zijn of haar vader.
Unilineal descent rule in which people join the father's group
automatically at birth and stay members throughout life.
Descent traced through the male line.
Descent traced through a line of ancestors in the male line. (also
known as agnatic descent).
Keturunan yang ditelusuri secara eksklusif melalui
garis laki-laki untuk menentukan keanggotaannya.
De afstamming wordt via de vader gerekend.
patrilineal-virilocal
complex
An interrelated constellation of patrilineality, virilocality, warfare,
and male supremacy.
patrilocal
band
A mode of social organization believed by some scholars to have been
characteristic of most hunting and gathering societies, where men remain in
their territories and wives marry in - hence where men tend to be related in
the male line.
patrilocal
residence
See: patrilocal(ity)
(patrilocal residence:) The practice of
newly married couple residing in the communityu of the husband's kin. Virilocal
is sometimes used in a more restrictive sense to indicate residence in the
household of the husband's family.
Vorm van huwelijksvestiging waarbij een echtpaar zich bij
de familie (ouders) van de man vestigt.
(residence:) The residence of a married couple with or near the husband's
parents.
(patrilocality:) Residence with or near the groom's father
and his wife.
Pola tempat tinggal di mana pasangan yang telah kawin
hidup di tempat yang termasuk daerah keluarga ayah suami.
See: virilocal
patronymic
A name derived from the father's name.
patterns
of affect
Bagaimana perasaan orang tentang dirinya sendiri dan
tentang orang-orang lain.
peasant
(peasant, peasantry:) Small-scale
agriculturalists producing only subsistence crops, perhaps in combination with
some fishing, animal husbandry, or hunting. They live in villages in a larger
state, but participate little in the state's commerce or cultural activities.
Today, many peasants rely on mechanized farming and are involved in the
national economy, so they are called post-peasants by anthropologists.
Small-scale agriculturalist living in a state with rent fund
obligations.
Isolated rural farmers who are integrated into a state or nation by
economic and political means.
A member of an agrarian social class or estate whose productive labor
supports an elite (characteristically urban) as well as providing for
subsistence.
peasant society
Een op landbouw gebaseerde samenleving met een eigen
(sub)cultuur die onderdeel uitmaakt van een staats-samenleving die gekenmerkt
wordt door de aanwezigheid van steden.
peepul
The Indian fig tree (Dircus religiosa),
much venerated by Hindus and very long-lived; called "Bo-tree" in Sri
Lanka, wher it is associated with Buddhist sites. The tree produces a useful
gum.
peer
bonding
The psychoattachment system whereby, through play and other prolonged
close interaction, juvenile age-mates form close bonds, in primates and other
mammals.
pendidikan kebebasan
Praktek pendidikan anak yang mendorong kebebasan,
kepercayaan kepada diri sendiri, dan prestasi perorangan anak.
pentadactil
Berjari lima (jari kaki dan jari tangan)
peon
See: peón
percussion
flaking
The technique of shaping stone tools by using a stone
to strike a flake from a core.
Teknik pembuatan alat batu dengan cara memukuli bahan
bakunya dengan batu pemukul (hammerstone), atau dengan memukulkan hanan baku
pada landasan batu, untuk melepaskan kepingan-kepingannya.
performance
What people actually say; the use of speech in social situations.
In linguistic antrhopology, the manner in which
speakers use the knowledge of a language in concrete situations.
pergesaran
kode
Proses pergantian dari tingkat bahasa yang satu ke
tingkat yang lain.
Perigordian
culture
Kebudayaan Jaman Paleolitikum Muda di Perancis
baratdaya, yang berasal dari kira-kira 35.000 tahun S.M.
periphery
Weakest structural position in the world system.
permafrost
Land that is permanently frozen, with only
the top few milimeters thawing in the warmer months.
personal
culture
The version of a culture (as a system of knowledge) of a particular
individual, distinctive in some respects from the version of any other person.
personal
kindred
See: kindred
personalistic
disease theories
Theories that attribute illness to sorcerers, witches, ghosts, or
ancestral spirits.
personality
1/ Items other than strategic resources that are indelibly associated
with a particular person; contrasts with property. 2/ An individual's characteristic ways of thinking and acting and
the underlying structure that produces this consistently.
The biological/psychological characteristics of a particular (human)
individual, viewed as a relatively stable and integrated system.
Cara khas seseorang berpikir, merasa, dan berkelakuan.
petate
A mat woven of straw or cane used for
sleepeing. In the most rudimentary native house, the petates are unrolled each
evening on the packed dirt floor to provide sleeping space.
peón
In the past, a peon was person attached to
a hacienda and compelled to work for the owner. Today the word refers to any
agricultural day laborer.
phenomenal
Pertaining to the ralm of observable phenomena - things and events. Cf.
ideational
phenotype
An organism's evident traits, its "manifest biology" -
anatomy and physiology.
Penampilan fisik yang merupakan atau tidak merupakan
perwujudan genotipenya, karena genotipe dapat mengandung alala yang resesif.
phone
Any speech sound.
phoneme
Significant sound contrast in a language that serves to distinguish
meaning, as in minimal pairs.
The smallest unit of identifiable sound that distinguishes one utterance from another.
One of a set of distinctive sounds characteristic of a
particular language.
In linguistics, a distinctive unit of sound contrasting with other such
units. Whether phonemes exist as psychologically real or linguistically salient
elements, or simply represent stages in the application of phonological rules,
has been much debated by specialists.
Dalam linguistik, kelas buny yang terkecil yang
menyebabkan perbedaan arti.
phonemic
analysis
The study of a language with the aim of determining
its distinctive sounds.
phonemic
system
All the sounds in any language that have meaning within that language.
phonemic
transcription
A record of a speech sample written down in terms of
the phonemes of the language.
phonemics
The study of the sounds contrasts (phonemes) of a particular language.
phonetic
alphabet
A set of symbols used to transcribe speech sounds.
phonetic
system
All the sounds in any language that are used to make words.
phonetics
The study of speech sounds in general; what people actually say in
various languages.
In linguistics, the sound patterns of speech and the notations used for
describing these acoustical patterns. Since phonetic description includes many
contrasts that are irrelevant to speakers and hearers of a language, the
linguist moves toward a phonemic notation that includes only the contrasts the
linguistic code defines as relevant.
Studi tentang pemroduksian, penyampaian dan penerimaan
bunyi bahasa.
phonogram
A sign used to represent a sound or a group of sounds
in a language.
phonological
component
The component of generative grammar that assigns a
phonetic representation to the surface structure of a sentence.
phonology
The study of sounds used in speech.
In linguistics (the study of) sound systems of languages.
Studi tentang pola bunyi bahasa.
phratry
A social group consisting of two or more
clans joined by some common bond and standing in opposition to other phratries
in the society.
(L.H.Morgan) Stel clans die zich onderling verwant
achten.
A number of clans grouped together because they assume descent from a
common ancestor.
A grouping of clans related by traditions of common descent or
historical alliance based on kinship.
Sociale eenheid die bestaat uit een of meer clans die met
elkaar verbonden zijn.
Kelompok keturunan unilineal yang terdiri atas dua klen
atau lebih yang mengakui berhubungan sebagai kerabat. Kalau hanya ada dua kelompok seperti itu,
masing-masing adalah paruh.
physical
anthropology
The study of humans as biological organisms.
[1_012] Studi sistematis tentang makhluk manusia
sebagai organisme biologis. Ahli antropologi fisik mempelajari manusia sebagai
organisme biologis, melacak perkembangan manusia menurut evolusinya, dan
menyelidiki variasi biologisnya di dalam jenis (species).
pica
A craving for special foods or other subtances.
pidgins
(pidgin:) A second language very often made
up of words and grammatical features from several languages and used as the
medium of communciation between speakers of different languages.
Mixed languages that develop to ease communication between members of
different cultures in contact, usually in situations of trade or colonial
domination.
A form of speech acquired in addition to a mother
tongue and used as an auxiliary means of communication between groups of
differing linguistic backgrounds.
pipal
See: peepul
pir
A Muslim saint, especially a Sufi master,
whose tomb is often venerated by Muslims and Hindus alike.
pitch
In some languages, distinctive highness or lowness of
tone associated with vowels and occasionally with certain consonants.
Pithecanthropus
erectus
Fosil hominida yang ditemukan dalam abad kesembilan
belas oleh Eugene Dubois di Jawa; sekarang diklasifikasikan sebagai Homo
erectus.
plantain
Bananalike staple of the Yanomami and Ganda.
platyrrhine
Menunjuk antropoidea yang berhidung pesek dengan
cuping yang berjahuan satu sama lain dan menghadap ke luar. Hanya terdapat die Benua Baru.
play
A basically enjoyable mode of behavior through which individuals learn
to respond to the emotional, social, and cognitive aspects of the world around
them (after Schwartzman 1978).
Pleistocene
A recent geological epoch characterized by a
succession of glaciations.
The geological epoch that began about 3 million years ago and lasted
until about 10,000 years ago.
plural
marriage
polygamy -
plural
society
(J.S.Furnivall) Een samenleving die twee of meer groepen
herbergt die raciaal en cultureel sterk verschillen en een eigen leven leiden,
en die alleen op economisch en politiek terrein met elkaar geconfronteerd
worden.
A society that combines ethnic contrasts and economic interdependence
of the ethnic groups.
pluralism
Sociological term used to describe a democratic political system where
the major ethnic groups share power through a coalition of their political
leaders.
Peoples with different enthnic backgrounds living in a single society
and sharing a common economic and political system.
Interaksi sosial dan politik dalam masyarakat manusia
yang sama engan cara hidup dan berfikir yang berlainan.
polarity
A division into polar opposites. In symbolic analysis, a two-way contrast
(right-lif, sun-moon, nature-culture); sociologically, marked opposition
between social categories or classes (men-women, workers-bourgeoisie, etc.).
political
economy
The economic aspect of social organization.
Study of the relationship among economic systems, political power, and
ideologies.
political
system
A political network that involves a combination of public power and
authority.
politics
The processess involved in determining and implementing public goals
and in differential achievement and use of power by the members of the group
concerned with these goals (after Schwarz et al. 1966).
polity
The political order.
pollution
(symbolic)
A belief that some state, substance, or class of persons is diry,
defiled, or virtually contaminating.
polyandrous
family
A wife, two or more husbands at the same time, and their children.
polyandry
The marriage of one woman to more than one
man at a time.
Huwelijksvorm waarbij één vrouw tegelijkertijd met twee
of meer mannen is getrouwd; er zijn twee vormen: fraternaal of adelfisch
(waarbij de mannen broers zijn), en niet fraternaal.
Variety of plural marriage in which a woman has more than one husband.
A form of marriage involving two or more spouses at one time.
The marriage of a woman to two or more husbands at one
time.
Kebiasaan perkawinan seorang wanita dengan beberapa
orang pria sekaligus; suatu bentuk poligami.
Marriage of a woman to two or more men.
polygamy
Huwelijksvorm waarbij één individu tegelijkertijd twee of
meer echtgenoten heeft. See: polyandrie, polygynie
Any marriage with more than two spouses.
Any form of marriage involving two or more spouses at the same time.
The practice of having two or more spouses at one
time.
polygen
Jumlah total gen dalam sebuah populasi.
polygynous
family
A husband, two or more wives at the same time, and their children.
The marriage of one man to more than one woman at a time.
Huwelijksvorm waarbij één man tegelijkertijd met twee of
meer vrouwen is getrouwd.
The practice of having more than one wife at one time
Variety of plural marriage in which a man has more than one wife.
A form of marriage in which a man has two or mort wives at one time.
Kebiasaan perkawinan di mana seorang pria mempunyai beberapa
orang istri sekaligus; suatu bentuk poligami.
Marriage of a man to two or more women.
polymorphism
Sebuah jenis (species) yang kelompok gennya memiliki
bentuk-bentuk alternatif (alela) untuk gen-gen tertentu.
Polynesia
Triangle of South Pacific islands
formed by Hawaii to the north, Easter Island to the east, and New
Zealand to the southwest.
(Polynesian:) Pertaining to the peoples, cultures, and Austronesian
languages of a triangular zone in the Pacific from Hawaii to New Zealand to
Easter Island.
polytheism
Belief in several deities who control aspects of nature.
polytypism
Sebuah jenis, yang perwujudan dari variabilitas
genetisnya tidak merata.
pooh-pooh
theory
A theory of the origin of language according to which
the first human words were interjections signifying pain or other strong
sensation.
popular
art
Art characteristic of the urbanized sector of complex
societies.
Postclassic
The last developmental stage in the civilizations of
Mesoamerica and Peru, characterized by the emergence of large-scale,
militaristic states.
postmodern
In its most general sense, describes the blurring and breakdown of
established canons (rules, standards), categories, distinctions, and
boundaries.
postmodernism
A style and movement in architecture that succeeded modernism. Compared
with modernism, postmodernism is less geometric, less functional, less austere,
mort playful, and more willing to include elements from diverse times and
cultures; postmodern now describes comparable developments in music, literature
and visual art.
postmodernity
Condition of a world in flux, with people on the move, in which
established groups, boundaries, identities, contrasts, and standards are
reaching out and breaking down.
postpartum
taboo
Prohibition of sexual relations for a culturally determined period
after childbirth.
potassium-argon
dating
A method of absolute dating by which the age of rocks
is determined by measuring the decay of potassium 40 into argon.
Dalam arkeologi dan paleoantropologi, teknik penentuan
mur secara kronometris dengan menghitung rasio radio-potasium terhadap argon
dalam debu gunung berapi yang terdapat bersama-sama dengan
peninggalan-peninggalan manusia.
potlatch
A ceremony amon Northwest Coast Indians
involving the giving away or destruction of property to enhance one's status.
Competitive feast among Indians on the North Pacific Coast of North
America.
A ceremonial means of redistributing property.
Among the Indians of the Northwest Coast, a ceremonial
feast featuring a display of wealth, ostentatious destruction of personal
property, and lavish gift giving.
A feast marked by distribution and destruction of valuables, as a
demonstration of wealth and status, characteristic of the Kwakiutl and some
other Northwest Coast (U.S.) Indians.
potsherds
Fragments of earthenware; pottery studied by archologists in
interpreting prehistoric life styles.
power
The ability to exercise one's will over others - to do what one wants;
the basis of political status.
An ability to influence the behavior of others and/or gain influence
over the control of valued actions (after Cohen 1970).
powwow
A council of social meeting of American
Indians.
Prakrit
The common
Indo-Aryan languages of South Asia in ancient times, as contrasted with
Sanskrit.
prayer
An approach to spirit beings by word or thought to ask, beseech, praise
or thank.
preadaptation
Dalam kebudayaan, adat kebiasaan yang mengandung
potensi untuk adaptasi kultural baru.
predictor
variables
Factors (.e.g., sex, age, religion) that help predict other behavior -
dependent variables (e.g., voting, occupation).
preferential
Of a marriage pattern (e.g., marriage with a cross-cousin, a brother's
widow, etc.), socially valued and desirable, but not enjoined.
prehensil
Kemampuan untuk menggenggam.
prehistoric
archaeology
The study of past cultures through the analysis of the
material remains of preliterate peoples.
prehistory
The period before the invention of writing less than 6,000 years ago.
Study of the ways of life and sequences and processes of cultural
development prior to the advent of written records. (Also known as prehistoric
archaeology).
preindustrial urbanism
Jenis pemukiman kota yang karakteristik untuk peradaban
nonindustri.
prejudice
Devaluing (looking down on) a group because of its assumed behavior,
values, capabilities, or attitudes.
prescriptive
grammar
A grammar concerned with laying down rules for correct
language use.
prescriptive
marriage
In alliance theory, a requirement that marriage be with a partner in a
particular kinship category. Even where "incorrect" marriages occur,
they are likely to be classed as if they were correct and kinship relations
readjusted accordingly.
pressure
flaking
The technique of forcing off flakes from a stone by
applying pressure.
Teknik pembuatan alat batu dengan menggunakan alat
tulang, tanduk rusa, atau kayu yang ditekan dan tidak dipukulkan untuk
melepaskan kepingan kecil-kecil dari sebuah batu api atau batu yang semacam.
prestation
A form of reciprocal gift-giving, often
associated with marriage negotiations and ceremonial exchange.
A transfer of scarce goods laden with symbolic significance.
prestige
Esteem, respect, or approval for acts, deeds, or qualities considered
exemplary.
priest
A full-time religious specialist.
primary
bond
The close psychoattachment of an infant to mother (or mother-surrogate)
established in the first year of life: a central element in psychological
development and in formation of adult personality.
primary
group
A small group marked by personal interaction between its members.
primates
Monkeys, apes, and prosimians; members of the zoological order that
includes humans.
Member of the order of mammals to which humans, apes, monkeys, and
prosimians belong.
Kelompok mamalia yang meliputi prosimia, monyet, kera
dan manusia.
primatology
The study of the biology, behavior, social life, and evolution of
monkeys, apes, and other nonhuman primates.
primitive
Original.
primitive
art
Artistic activity and output of small-scale
nonliterate and usually nonpeasant societies.
primogeniture
A rule of inheritance that gives the
exclusive right of inheritance to the first-born son.
Inheritance rule that makes the oldest child (usually the oldest son)
the only heir.
The right of inheritance or succession by the oldest son, or
occasionally the oldest child.
A rule or principle whereby the oldest son has the right of inheritance
of the family estate.
private
voluntary organizations (PVO's)
Nongovernmental organizations such as Care, Save the Children, Catholic
Relief Services, Foster Parents Plan International and Oxfam.
production
The making of goods.
productivity
With reference to language, the capacity to create new messages.
The capacity to generate unprecedented utterances, a
design feature that all human languages possess.
Of a communicative code (especially human languages), the possibility
of constructing complex messages from the elements of the code, according to a
grammar: permits the creation of new messages.
progeny
price
See: bridewealth
project
cycle
A development project through
all its stages; identification, appraisal, design, implementation, and
evaluation.
projection,
psychological
A process whereby the mind imputes its own creations (in the form of
fantasy) on the external world.
proletarianization
Separation of workers from the means of production through industrialism.
property
The right of ownership or the possession of something of value.
proposition
Statement of interpretations among concepts.
prosimia
Sub-bangsa primat yang meliputi lemur, loris, dan
tarsier.
Protestant
ethic
Worldview associated with early ascetic Protestantism; values hard and
constant work as a sign of salvation; concept developed by Max Weber.
proto-
First, earliest, earliest stages or form of... (as in protocultural.)
protolanguage
Language ancestral to several daughter languages.
proxemics
The study of the ways in which people perceive of an use space.
psychoattachment
(systems)
Genetically transmitted proclivities to form close psychological bonds,
highly developed in many mammalian species, including humans. See: pair bond, peer bonding, primary bond.
psychodynamics
The psychology of motivation, emotion, and unconscious mind (in
contrast to cognition, the psychology of learning, thinking, and remembering).
psychological
anthropology
Ethnographic and cross-cultural study of differences and similarities
in human psychology.
psychomotor
development
Voluntary behavior in response to environmental stimuli.
puberty
The beginning of sexual maturation.
puberty
rites
See: initiation ceremony
public
transcript
As used by James Scott, the open, public interactions between
dominators and oppressed - the outer shell of power relations.
pueblo
A village composed of compound dwellings (characteristically of adobe
brick), particularly among Indians of the U.S. Southwest.
puja
Act of maing an offering to a Hindu deity
during worship
pujari
A Hindu priest
purdah
Seclusion of women; mainly a Muslim custom
in South Asia and Middle East. See also: zenana
pygmy
Small in stature; member of a short-statured population, especially of
a population in Zaire and other west-central African rain forests.
pyre
The pile of logs on which a Hindu is
cremated